FireArt, Inc. Essay -- Managing Management Business Essays

FireArt, Inc. Conclusion of group inadequacy and remedial activity plans  â â â â FireArt, Inc. has experienced an issue where their rivals are currently ready to gainfully make short runs in the creation of glass. In light of this opposition, Jack Derry, the CEO of FireArt, Inc. has asked Eric Holt to put together a team†¦one individual from every division, and have an exhaustive arrangement for the company’s vital realignment up, running, and winning inside a half year. Eric, being the recently named Director of Strategy, knew his general objective and makes a conventional gathering so as to satisfy the general hierarchical crucial turning the organization around. Anyway despite the fact that a conventional gathering is made, there is an absence of explicit objectives and undertakings. Eric who just had experience overseeing working gathering with proficient from comparable foundations really made a working gathering than a group. In addition, the individuals didn't connect with each other preceding meeting up, and didn't see themselv es to be in a gathering. While the group comprises of different division leaders of the association, Randy Louderback the executive of deals and advertising doesn't accept that gatherings are beneficial. Eric shaped this impermanent gathering, which would stops to exist once the activity is completed. This gathering, albeit transitory, never truly gets off the ground because of absence of administration the executives aptitudes, absence of clear feasible objectives, group structure and contrary qualities of the gathering individuals. Group Dynamics and Structure:      One issue that is looked by the gathering is the absence of group elements just as the weight being felt to devise and execute a far reaching plan in a half year. A few administrators make gatherings to associate in group elements as gatherings serve capacities, for example, hierarchical, mental, and individual. The gathering that Eric set up was made to produce thoughts so as to beat the opposition. In any case, because of the contention from the colleagues, thought creation was rarely achieved. Furthermore, the mental capacities that give an outlet for association needs and the individual elements of expanded confidence, expanded security, and a feeling of character are never accomplished. With the formation of his gathering, Eric was confronted with a friend, specifically, that firmly accepts â€Å"that bunches are useless†. There are factors that influence the incorporation in gatherings of organization... ...uctive reasoning will assist individuals with deduction better to tackle issues and contribute imaginative thoughts. The absence of thoughts is shown on how the main couple of times the individuals met they experienced issues thinking of inventive/imaginative thoughts on the most proficient method to fathom the company’s inconveniences. Additionally, when Ray, Maureen, and Carl introduced their thoughts they didn't challenge Randy’s remark, â€Å"Let’s do everything, why don’t we, including update the kitchen sink!† If they had, the group could have had an open conversation on the benefits of each and conceivably advanced into a progressively strong critical thinking gathering. Finally, FireArt Inc. is family possessed business and most likely Jack Derry at last approves a ton of choices. Be that as it may, for the group to be completely powerful it will be significant for the group to be conceded dynamic position. This will keep the group from framing effectively worthy and non-dubious answers for the issue. When the group is working appropriately any thoughts on how spare the organization must be acknowledged. It is likewise significant for the group to know that they are secured in authoritative real factors that are outside of their control and influence the achievement of their endeavors.

The Complete List of SAT Subject Tests

The Complete List of SAT Subject Tests SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT Subject Tests are an opportunity for you to show where you have specific information. With these tests, you can demonstrate to universities which subjects intrigue you and which you've set aside the effort to become acquainted with well. All things considered, how might you choose which SAT Subject Test to take? To start with, how about we investigate all the SAT Subject Tests from which you can pick. Rundown of SAT Subject Tests Altogether, there are21 SAT Subject Tests (we're checking Biology E and Biology M as two separate tests). Nine of these tests spread four center branches of knowledge English writing, history, math, and science: Writing US History World History Math Level 1 Math Level 2 Science - Ecological Science - Molecular Science Material science The other12 Subject Tests spread nine distinct dialects. Half of these tests have a listening part: French French with Listening German German with Listening Spanish Spanish with Listening Present day Hebrew Italian Latin Chinese with Listening Japanese with Listening Korean with Listening Just put,there are 21 distinct varieties of tests to look over. All SAT Subject tests spread 13 branches of knowledge four center courses and nine dialects. Presently, how about we investigate what number of understudies step through each SAT Subject Exam, from most to least. We'll likewise show you the normal scores these understudies accomplish on the tests: SAT Subject Test Normal Score # of Test Takers (2016-18) Math Level 2 693 427,765 Science 666 208,588 US History 640 178,258 Material science 667 169,950 Math Level 1 605 162,998 Writing 607 150,361 Atomic Biology 650 116,622 Biological Biology 618 91,866 Spanish 647 51,808 World History 622 43,660 French 628 18,725 Chinese with Listening 760 13,173 Latin 626 7,088 Spanish with Listening 662 6,937 Korean with Listening 761 5,364 French with Listening 668 3,819 Japanese with Listening 703 3,436 German 620 1,875 Italian 666 1,396 German with Listening 618 1,297 Current Hebrew 612 980 Source: SAT Subject Tests Percentile Ranks As should be obvious, the tests dependent on center courses-i.e., writing, math, history, and science-will in general draw in the biggest number of understudies. With regards to tests that have tuning in and non-listening choices, more understudies commonly choose the non-Listening choice. You'll additionally see an enormous variety in the normal scores of SAT Subject Tests. A higher mean score doesn't really imply that the test is simpler; instead,it likely implies that understudies who settle on that test realize that subject incredibly well. Look at our examination of which SAT Subject Tests are the most effortless dependent on their normal scores and different components. Since you know what choices you have, how might you choose which Subject Test to take? The most effective method to Decide Which SAT Subject Tests to Take So as to choose which Subject Tests to take, you'll have to consider an assortment of components, from what sorts of tests universities need to what subjects you're particularly talented at. We acquaint three significant inquiries with pose to yourself before you focus on a specific Subject Test. #1: What Do the Colleges You're Applying to Want? For one thing, you have to know the testing necessities of the universities you're applying to.How many Subject Tests does every one of your schools need you to take? It is safe to say that one is an innovation school that will investigate your insight in math and science? Or then again would one say one is a human sciences school that needs you to show a scope of capacities by stepping through one exam in writing and another in math? A few schools have adoptedtest-discretionary or test-adaptable policies,which implies you may have the option to submit scores from Subject Tests instead of scores from the general SAT or ACT. Look at our article for the full rundown of universities with these arrangements. These methodologies can be extremely useful for you to know as they let you shape your application such that's best for you. Another factor to consider is arrangement in school classes. A few universities may incline toward listening language tests to non-listening language tests, for instance, since they exhibit that additional element of familiarity. In case you're a local speaker, the listening language test will probably be truly simple for you to accomplish an incredible score on. In case you're not a local speaker, nonetheless, you need to ensure that your language aptitudes have arrived at an exceptionally significant level before taking a language Subject Test. School prerequisites and desires assume the greatest job where SAT Subject Tests you choose to take. In any case, inside those prerequisites, you may at present have a few alternatives. Presently you need to consider where you can best show your subject authority. #2: Which Subjects Do You Know Best? The SAT Subject Tests test your insight into a specific subject as opposed to your thinking abilities. Along these lines, they're firmly lined up with your secondary school classes and the finals or AP tests you take to exhibit your substance and calculated information. Since individuals regularly give more opportunity to finding out about things that really intrigue them, the SAT Subject Tests basically mention to a tale about you-what you're keen on and have devoted time to comprehension. For example, ifyou love perusing and examining books, you ought to most likely take the Literature test. Not exclusively will you be bound to get a high score on it, yet you'll additionally be demonstrating your own advantages to confirmations officials. As should be obvious, the SAT Subject Tests offer one all the more way you can individualize your school applications and recount to an anecdote about your character and personality. Coincidentally, did you realize you have six possibilities every year to take a Subject Test?In different words, you don't need to hold up until your lesser year to take one. You may be prepared to take the Biology or Chemistry tests, for instance, toward the finish of your green bean or sophomore year. The two Math tests, then again, regularly require quite a while of secondary school-level math. Regardless of the numerous open doors you need to step through a SAT Subject Examination, by and large speaking,the best time to take one isnear the finish of the school year,when you've been concentrating all the applicable material and the substance is still new in your brain. #3: Which Format Is Best for You? The third and last factor has to do with the organization of the Subject Test. As we've addressed over, a few tests have language parts while others don't, and others, for example, the Biology tests-have two distinct adaptations to browse. Language Tests As referenced already, the French, Spanish, and German language tests offer tuning in and non-listening alternatives. In the event that you have solid listening aptitudes, the listening adaptations of the tests will be an extraordinary method to show familiarity. They may likewise put you in a more significant level once you get to school. (Check with the individual school on this approach as some have their own position tests.) On the off chance that you don't feel positive about your listening abilities, then again, your most solid option is take the non-listening alternative or another SAT Subject Test by and large. The language tests will in general be hard to score exceptionally on if your language aptitudes are constrained to a study hall condition. Science Is it accurate to say that you are captivated by populaces and vitality stream inside frameworks? Or on the other hand do you want to know how cells work and discussion about the intricate details of photosynthesis? There are two choices for the Biology Subject Test: Ecological Biology and Molecular Biology. While the two tests share a center 60 inquiries, each likewise has an extra 20 inquiries with either an environmental or atomic core interest. You can additionally investigate the contrasts between these two tests and attempt practice inquiries here. Math In case you're taking a math Subject Test, you need to choose Math Level 1 and Math Level 2. For Level 1, you'll have to have taken at any rate two years of polynomial math and one year of geometry. Conversely, for Level 2, you ought to have taken these in addition to some trigonometry and pre-math. The two tests expect you to utilize a diagramming mini-computer, yet Level 2 requires progressively complex utilization of the number cruncher. You can study the Math Level 1and Math Level 2tests by visiting the College Board site. Similar to the case with the listening language tests, Math Level 2 has a higher mean score and lower standard deviation, which means most understudies who take it score close to the moderately high mean score of 693. In this manner, in case you're not overly certain about your math aptitudes, it'll likely be harder to score in a high percentile. Also, don't be frightened in the event that you score a 800 on SAT Math 2 and see you're just in the top 79th percentile-getting an ideal score matters more than what percentile it is! End: Finding the Best SAT Subject Tests for You At last, you're the master on your own learning. You recognize what enthralls you or makes you nod off. You additionally know whether you learn best by observing, tuning in, doing, or consolidating a portion of these strategies. You've most likely previously been attracted to and picked the secondary school classes that will figure out which tests on this rundown of SAT Subject Tests you should take. You realize yourself better than any other individual, so as long as you explore the Subject Tests and have a solid feeling of what'll be on them-and comprehend what your schools' prerequisites are!- you will settle on the correct choice about SAT Subject Tests. What's Next? Another significant thought about SAT Subject Tests is when to take them-particularly when you need to plan them around the standard SAT/ACT and all your different exercises. Look at our article on thebest dates to step through the SAT Subject Exams. Are you likewise reading for the SAT or ACT?Read about when you should begin getting ready and how you can structure a decent SAT/ACT plan. Need that pined for 1600 SAT score o

ETH Zürich

Fig. 5 Zimmer- und Wohnungsvermittlung Universität/ETH Zürich Hoi zäme! Im finally back in the US of A after 6 continuous months abroad, and its been refreshing to not have to rely on my broken A1.2  Schwiizerdütsch to get around on a daily basis. Random things Ive dearly missed:  In-N-Out, Asian food, sourdough bread, cheaper prices, and Home. The past few weeks, Ive been settling in to my summer studio apartment, interning the 9-to-5, cooking, and adulting (read: making sure I pay my bills on time). Oh, and studying. I finished and turned in one final paper for Human-Computer Interaction, but I still need to prepare for my Intro to ML and UbiComp finals in a few weeks. Im also half-way thru with my 12-week internship (time flies!), and am also preparing for the collegiate championships during the first weekend of August. In the meantime, Ive somehow taken over 138 GB of photos this year, and Ive been slowly going through all my pics and videos. I put together a short tour of my dorm and room in Zürich with the help of my fellow MIT exchangers. Student housing is run by an external company called WOKO  that owns several apartment complexes scattered throughout the greater Zürich area. I got really lucky to be placed in one just a few blocks away from the ETH main campus. All the rooms are singles, with additional common spaces in each dorm, suite-styles in others. Two of the five other MIT exchangers, Wings Y. 19 and Riley D. 19, were also placed at the one Im in, Culmannstrasse 26. Monthly rent is subsidized to a mere CHF 500-600.-, probably the only reasonably-priced expense during my stay. Most of the other residents are full-time students attending either ETH or the University of Zurich, from undergrads to PhDs coming from all throughout Switzerland, Europe, and the world. It was such a unique mix of nationalities, ethnic groups, and languages that were spoken, probably something that Ill never experience again. I even went on a trip to Barcelona with a bunch of my dormmates to watch my suitemate conquer the IRONMANjust incredible! Shoutout to everyone at Culmann for a great semester, and to Floor 1 for being the best floor too!

Relation Between Science and Religion Essay - 4079 Words

on What is the Relation between Science and Religion William Lane Craig Examines several ways in which science and theology relate to each other. Back in 1896 the president of Cornell University Andrew Dickson White published a book entitled A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom. Under White’s influence, the metaphor of â€Å"warfare† to describe the relations between science and the Christian faith became very widespread during the first half of the 20th century. The culturally dominant view in the West—even among Christians—came to be that science and Christianity are not allies in the search for truth, but adversaries. To illustrate, several years ago I had a debate with a philosopher of science at Simon Fraser†¦show more content†¦They were remarkably successful in pushing through their agenda. But philosophers of science during the second half of the 20th century have come to realize that the idea of a warfare between science and theology is a gross oversimplification. White’s book is now regarded as something of a bad joke, a one-sided and distorted piece of propaganda. Now some people acknowledge that science and religion should not be regarded as foes, but nonetheless they do not think that they should be considered friends either. They say that science and religion are mutually irrelevant, that they represent two non-over-lapping domains. Sometimes you hear slogans like â€Å"Science deals with facts and religion deals with faith.† But this is a gross caricature of both science and religion. As science probes the universe, she encounters problems and questions which are philosophical in character and therefore cannot be resolved scientifically, but which can be illuminated by a theological perspective. By the same token, it is simply false that religion makes no factual claims about the world. The world religions make various and conflicting claims about the origin and nature of the universe and humanity, and they cannot all be true. Science and religion are thus like two circles which intersect or partially overlap. It is in the area ofSh ow MoreRelatedThe Relations between Science and Religion Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pages The relations between science and religion. Humans are servant of God who descended to earth as its inhabitants. Humans are creatures of God are given the advantage of reasonable than other creatures. With that human minds can do more than any other creature. At the beginning of its creation, only human beings who do not know anything and therefore people need a hint for his life. Humans need a guideline in order to survive life in the world and in the hereafter. Guideline for humans isRead MoreEmile Durkheim s The Elementary Forms Of The Religious Life1608 Words   |  7 Pagesexamines religion through a social viewpoint, while Claude Là ©vi-Strauss’s The Savage Mind compares modern and â€Å"primitive† thought. Although their topics of interest differ, both works similarly rely on science to explain their anthropologic theories. Science serves as a useful reference point, since it embodies modern mode of thinking with high objectivity. Therefore, these writers can expand on their analysis of other ways to perceive the world by comparing and contrasting with science. The relationsRead MoreMonotheistic religions, especially Judaism, Christianity, and Islam promote the belief in One God;1600 Words   |  7 PagesMonotheist ic religions, especially Judaism, Christianity, and Islam promote the belief in One God; all that exists is because of God. Through prophets and scripture, God portrays moral goodness and truth. Essentially, these three religions believe that God speaks to us, unveils God’s Being, and seeks to guide us through life. In turn, humans should embody the moral goodness and excellence that is revealed to us by God. These religions are taught based upon both scripture and reason. When readingRead MoreThe Secularization of the Western World Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pagesmeanings over the past eighteen centuries. In today society, the world secular is used to describe a world thought to be in motion, the moving away from religious influence in everyday life. Thus, my definition of the term secularism is not denouncing religion to an anti-religious belief but rather viewing secularism as a point of view that reflects the change in society to seek answers and meet the needs of people without taking on religious perspective. â€Å"The shift towards secularism does not mean thatRead MoreI Appreciate Barbour s Praiseworthy And Toilsome Effort914 Words   |  4 PagesIII. Critique First of all, I appreciate Barbour’s praiseworthy and toilsome effort to put theology and science in a meaningful and fruitful dialogue, by seriously taking account of both continuities and discontinuities between scientific metaphors and religious metaphors. For Barbour, because both disciplines have continuities and discontinuities they can contribute to our more comprehensive understanding of the reality of our experiences in the world through their metaphorical relationshipRead MoreBecause Religion Is A Difficult Concept To Define, It Faces1709 Words   |  7 PagesBecause religion is a difficult concept to define, it faces several criticisms. To this day, it has never been possible to find a definition of religion that pleases the majority of the population. However, researchers in this area have never felt the need to have a definition to carry out their research. Religion is a somewhat different concept of economy, politics or history and the difficulty of defining it comes from the fact that these are not index terms but rather general concepts thatRead More what is theology Essay995 Words   |  4 Pages What is theology? What does it explain if anything? According to the encyclopedia, it is related to the Greek Religion. In Christianity, the systematic study of the nature of God and Gods relationship with humanity and with the world. Although other religions may be said to have theologies, this is a matter of controversy within, for instance, Judaism , which holds that God is unknowable. This article will therefore confine itself to Christian theology. The development of theology in ChristendomRead MoreThe Star by Arthur C. Clarke and the Juxtaposition of Science and Religion704 Words   |  3 Pages When dwelling into the explorations about science and religion, one can find it quite amusing. If science and religion are to continue to coexist it seems opposed to the conditions of modern thought to admit that this result can be brought about by the so-called water-tight compartment system which, even at the present time, is frequently extolled or considered possible.(Boutroux, 406) Two powerful forces that coexist yet each of them deny one another, but yet they define one another. TheRead MoreHow Do We Know and What We Know? Essay734 Words   |  3 Pagesdifferent situations. Vocabulary and speech pattern between friends or relatives may be informal and familiar whereas communication with someone of different generation, class or age group is likely to be specific to the particular relationship, place or moment. Knowledge is shaped by social institution and by the power groups and individuals to influence the generation and acceptance of knowledge such as legal system, and education system. Religion is a special case of authority over knowledgeRead MoreCan Religion and Science be Compatible?1326 Words   |  5 PagesCan Religion and Science be Compatible? Accepting the compatibility between science and religion is a tactic used by those who instinctively fear that a manifest conflict between the two areas would endanger the future of science. They are worried about the possibility that scientists would not receive any financial support or that science classes in schools might be replaced with hours of religion. A huge number of atheist scientists are aware of the negative role, that they have irrational ideas

Medical Benefits Of Medical Marijuana - 1255 Words

Medical marijuana has been proven to an effective drug in the treatment of a number of encumbering medical conditions. A large number of legitimate medical organizations recognize the benefits of marijuana. It is far less harmful and poses fewer negative side effects than many prescription drugs, including painkillers - and patients often find it to be a more effective treatment for a variety of illnesses. However, it is perhaps the most commonly misunderstood substance in America. The usage of the drug has been widely researched and proven to be a â€Å"most viable and safe source of medicine to many Americans suffering from Aids, Glaucoma, Cancer, Multiple Sclerosis, Epilepsy, and Chronic Pains† (Medical Marijuana). According to the Institute of Medicines, (1999) â€Å"marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known† (Legalization of Marijuana). More and more resources and case studies will be further discussed and practice s to back up the claim, and determine marijuana’s medical value. Marijuana is classified by the federal government as a â€Å"Schedule 1 Drug† and has become stereotyped as an addictive substance that has become a burden to society, as well as a gateway to other drugs. However, this fallacy undermines the positive aspects that can come from this plant’s natural healing chemicals. In addition, the drug itself is not as harmful as some may perceive. The first generalization that is related closely to the effects ofShow MoreRelatedMedical Benefits Of Medical Marijuana1161 Words   |  5 Pagessurrounding the issue of whether medical marijuana ought to be legally sanctioned as a medicinal treatment. Medical marijuana involves the use of cannabis and its constituent’s cannabinoids in order to treat a disease or its symptoms (National Institute on Drug Abuse 2015). Numerous studies led declare the drug a miracle treatment for a variety of medical issues. Thes e studies, however, are limited and effectively challenged by different studies that exhibit the health risks marijuana can have on the humanRead MoreThe Benefits Of Medical Marijuana1598 Words   |  7 PagesThe Benefits Medical Marijuana By: Nicole Wynne Advance Placement Psychology Mr. Cuetara June 4th, 2015 Marijuana Outline I) Intro: a.) History and facts that make up marijuana b.) Thesis: Through numerous articles, books, documentaries, and journals, I have concluded that marijuana has positive creative effects and numerous medical ben-efits, including increased appetite, pain reduction, nausea reduction, and hard drug substitution II) Positive Medical Benefits:Read MoreThe Benefits of Medical Marijuana729 Words   |  3 PagesMedical marijuana has been used for centuries to combat pain, weakness, anxiety, insomnia, female problems and nausea. Today it is commonly used by cancer and AIDS patients to stimulate hunger, combat nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy or other drug therapy and reduce pain. It has also been shown to be effective in reducing eye pressure, especially in the cases with glaucoma. Medical marijuana, or cannabis, is derived from the Cannabis sativa plant and there is some evidence of cannabisRead MoreMedical Marijuana And Its Benefits2240 Words   |  9 Pages1 MEDICAL MARIJUANA Medical Marijuana and Its Benefits Steffany Brinker University of Maryland University College Abstract Medical marijuana, also known as cannabis, is a controversial topic because many find it beneficial as others find the usage to be recreational. Throughout the years, medical marijuana has gone through periods of times in which it was legal and illegal. Over the years laws have been developed in order to try and regulate the usage of the drug. Studies have shownRead MoreThe Benefits Of Medical Marijuana Essay2136 Words   |  9 PagesI will discuss the many benefits of medical marijuana, and how a substance that is labeled as an illegal drug can have just as many health benefits as the strongest of medicine. With marijuana becoming more accessible being legalized for medical and/or recreational use in 7 states, I will explain how if used properly can help many people suffering with serious problems like muscle pain, depression, anorexia insomnia and PTSD. But still there is the stereotype that marijuana is a dangerous recreationalRead MoreBenefits of Medical Marijuana Essay990 Words   |  4 Pages Legalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a very controversial and obtrusive issue in our society today. Although many have made malicious remarks about it in the past, and even still in the present, the truth and beneficial facts of marijuana are finally resurfacing. Unfortunately, our society has become a very critical crowd towards the legalization of marijuana due to the stereotypical view of the kind of people who are considered â€Å"pot smokers†. This contorted perception of a lazy and unmotivated AmericaRead MoreEssay on The Benefits Of Medical Marijuana929 Words   |  4 PagesThe Benefits Of Medical Marijuana Are you sick of hearing your girlfriend nagging you about letting go of your pot pasttime? Have you been hearing a lot of negative things about the use of marijuana lately? Would you like to know what the real deal is behind the use of this infamous drug? Then read on because youre in for a surprise. One of the saddest things in North America is the lack of clinical trials on marijuana use. Many other countries in the world have already performed such testsRead More The Benefits of Medical Marijuana Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pageseffects than its other legal counterparts such as alcohol and tobacco. This kind of information calls into sharper focus the question on the minds of many as to why such a plant that is not only less harmful than legal drugs but has significant health benefits has remained illegal. People all over the world, continue to be tendered prescription medication, which in many cases further complicate health issues with its myriad of side effects. In fact, statistics have shown that approximately 100,000Read MoreBenefits and Hazards of Medical Marijuana1034 Words   |  5 Pagesknow how to control or don’t have control over marijuana the weed program the development of the biological control of marijuana program/system, an advisory group was established at the request of biological control researchers who were seeking. It legalizing the use of marijuana as a social catalyst and as a tool with which prior physicians can know about the marijuana controversy, what are the benefits and hazards of medical marijuana? Marijuana is the worst thing you can ever get involve in,Read MoreThe Benefits Of Medical And Recreational Marijuana1740 Words   |  7 PagesPark Hegeler The Benefits of Marijuana The question of whether or not to legalize the medicinal and recreational use of marijuana has been an ongoing debate ever since President Nixon declared the war on drugs in 1971. The main question that circulates this debate is, do the benefits of medical and recreational marijuana justify its legality? Marijuana is one of the only drugs that has numerous medicinal properties that can do everything from managing chemotherapy side effects, to putting an

American Health Information Management Association Free Essays

The mission statement or purpose of the American Health Information Management Association, (AHIMA) pertains to â€Å"leading the advancement and ethical use of quality health information to promote health and wellness worldwide; and leads the health informatics and information management community to advance professional practice and standards† (the American Health Information Management Association, 2010). This is a fabulous professional association to belong to for anyone who works in healthcare, but its focus primarily adheres to those individuals in health care management and medical coding and data safety. AHIMA is a worldwide professional association of recognized leaders in health information management, informatics, heath data technology, innovation, and proactively endorses the technological advancements of health information systems that enhance the delivery of quality healthcare. We will write a custom essay sample on American Health Information Management Association or any similar topic only for you Order Now Centering on AHIMA’s Code of Ethics and applicable law, AHIMA endorses the ethical and appropriate use of health information; and its members will ascribe to and conduct themselves in accordance with the Code of Ethics as part of their professional responsibility (the American Health Information Management Association, 2010).The Code of Ethics that AHIMA requires and adheres to contains six areas, each standing for a certain pertinent rules and regulations for its members. The first concern is called preamble provides and produces the ethical obligation of AHIMA members and credentialed professionals who are not members. Values are the second which pertains to the standards of AHIMA’s mission statement. The third is the purpose for existence of the AHIMA and Code of Ethics. The fourth includes how, why and when the code should be used. The fifth outlines the principle outline of the eleven ethical principles which serve as a guide to members and non members.The sixth the interpreting of the code guidelines regarding HIM (The American Health Information Management Association, 2010). AHIMA recognizes that superior quality health care and clinical data are critical resources needed for effective healthcare, and works to assure that the health information used in care, research, and health management is valid, accurate, complete, trustworthy, and timely. This group is concerned about the effective management of health information from all sources and its application in all forms of healthcare and wellness preservation.Health issues, disease, and care quality also transcend across national borders. AHIMA’s professional interest is in the application of best health information management practices when and wherever they are needed. (The American Health Information Management Association, 2010). AHIMA includes set values that this association adheres to and benefiting members’ their diversity, continuing education, leadership development, and professional credentialing. They adhere to their high standards in their code of ethics.AHIMA performs continual research in order to advance innovative and ethical health informatics and information management and collaborate with other professional organizations confirming the public’s privacy information is accurate and confidential. The procurement and use of electronic health records and other automated technologies protection based on HIM practices and standards are withheld. They also offer employers access to online systems so they can stay abreast to new findings and information through KLAS online which provides health information technologies or HIT (the American Health Information Management Association, 2010).Being a member in AHIMA will give the individual many benefits for their career whether the member is new to the health care job market or changing positions in the health care industry. The connections for job seekers and employers are substantial. AHIMA contains a program called Career Assist; which is a repository for available positions in the medical coding. A category called career coaching is also available for AHIMA members.The career coach plays the role as a catalyst and a partner, providing support in the job search and provides its members toward their professional success and fulfillment. Career coaches are trained in all areas of career development, transition, and can help identify the member’s personal work ethic values, interests, personal preferences, abilities, accomplishments, and work style. Contained in the career coaching service is resume development and organization research. Career coaches are trained to listen, respond, and develop strategies that fit each individual jobseeker’s needs.Our coaches have helped thousands of people secure their first job, advance in their field, transition to a new career, start a business, and plan for retirement (the American Health Information Management Association, 2010). Joining and participating through being an active participant is exceptional for both the potential health care employee and the health care employer. Everyone how joins this affiliation will benefit through knowledge, connections, networking and new ideas and information.References American Health Information Management Association. (2010). AHIMA. Retrieved November 15, 2010. from http://www. ahima. org How to cite American Health Information Management Association, Papers

You Are What You Eat Essay Example For Students

You Are What You Eat Essay You are what you eat, goes a famous saying. And if that is truly the case, then a lot of Americanswould appear to be unhealthy, chemically treated, commercially raised slabs of animal flesh. And whilethat is not a particularly pleasant thought, it is nonetheless an description of the typical Americanomnivore who survives on the consumption of Big Macs and steak fajitas. But there are individuals who do not follow this American norm and have altered their diets so that theydo not consume any meat. These people are vegetarians, and they are the new breed of healthyAmericans who refuse to poison themselves with fats, cholesterol, and the other harmful additives thatcome from meat. And while once thought to be a movement that would never gain much momentum, ithas nonetheless moved itself to the forefront of Americans healthy diets. We will write a custom essay on You Are What You Eat specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The word vegetarian, used to describe the diets of people who do not consume animal flesh, was notused until around the mid-1800s. The concept of vegetarianism, however, dates back much further. The Greek philosopher Pythagoras, considered by many to be the father of vegetarianism, encourageda non-meat diet among his followers as a diet that was the most natural and healthful (Messina 3). A vegetarian diet excludes the consumption of meat, and can be exercised by people for a number ofreasons. The largest majority of individuals chose vegetarianism for health related reasons. Forexample, someone with an ulcer might be prescribed a strict diet of vegetables in order to promote thehealing process. Or someone with a dangerously high level of cholesterol might be advised to follow avegetarian diet to lower his or her fat and cholesterol intake. The immorality of consuming animal flesh is another argument touted by a smaller group of vegetarians. R.G. Frey describes this moral argument for vegetarianism and the effect that meat eating might have onthe character of humans:Some people have come to believe and fear that, in the suffering and killing which occurs in commercialfarming, we demean ourselves, coarsen our sensitivities, dull our feelings of sympathy with our fellowcreatures, and so begin the descent down the slippery slope of torture and death, to a point where itbecomes easier for us to contemplate and carry out the torture and killing of human beings. (20)This moral argument for vegetarianism is also noted by John Robbins who states that the sufferingthese animals undergo has become so extreme that to partake of food from these creatures is topartake unknowingly of the abject misery that has been their lives(14). But whatever the reasons behind a persons choice to be a vegetarian, it is important to understand thedifferent diets that individual vegetarians can choose. In the widest sense of the word, a vegetarian dietis a diet that is made up of grains, vegetables and fruit, but does not include any animal flesh, such asfish, pork, poultry, or beef. But beyond these standards, there are many variations of diet that occurwithin the world of vegetarianism. The first, and most prominent, category of vegetarianism is a lacto-ovo vegetarian. Mark Messinadescribes a lact-ovo diet as a vegetarian diet (that) includes dairy products and eggs but no animalflesh(7). This means that there is consumption of animal byproducts, such as milk, eggs, or honey, butthere is no consumption of animal flesh. Another variation is the lacto-vegetarian diet that allows theconsumption of milk and other milk products, but does not include the consumption of eggs. And likeall vegetarians, these two groups do not consume fish, poultry, or meat (Messina 7). .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377 , .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377 .postImageUrl , .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377 , .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377:hover , .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377:visited , .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377:active { border:0!important; } .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377:active , .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377 .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e712909bb9780753b4d0fa25625d377:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Moment in Time EssayAnother category that vegetarians can fall into are vegans. The vegan diet is by far the most strict of allthe vegetarian diets. According to Mark Messina, Vegans avoid meat, fish, poultry, dairy, and eggs. There are many other foods that may not be acceptable to many vegans, however. Foods that involveanimal processing to any degree are often avoided(11). This means that vegans can consume nofoods containing animal byproducts, such as milk, eggs, or honey. Being a vegan often dictates ananimal friendly lifestyle that, aside from not eating anything that came from an animal, also abstainsfrom buying or using products that were tested on animals or are made from animal hairs or skin, suchas leather shoes or belts (Messina 11). A common misconception of vegetarians is that they are all a

Types of Ancient Greek Medicine

Types of Ancient Greek Medicine What do these three have in common? AsclepiusChironHippocrates Have you heard of a healing god of Greece called Asclepius or Asculapius? He was Apollos son, but his divine parentage didnt keep him alive after he became too good at his craft, depriving the Underworld gods of their denizens. Alongside the mythology about demigods bringing the dead back to life and a centaur who taught generations of heroes how to tend to their future, battle or quest-incurred wounds, were Greek thinkers and observers who furthered the craft of healing to what we would probably consider scientific levels. Ancient Greece is considered the home of rational medicine and the Hippocratic Oath, but that doesnt mean they rejected all forms of religious healing. Alternative and scientific medicine co-existed in the ancient world just as they do today. Lyttkens says that healing cults took an upswing at the time of the birth of secular medicine and doctors sacrificed to the healing god Asclepius. There were, of course, magicians, charlatans, and quacks, as well as midwives. The main divisions, according to G. M. A. Grube, were temple medicine, medicine connected with physical training, and the medicine of the medical schools. Medical Schools The two most important medical schools were those of Cos (Kos) and Cnidos (Knidos). Cos and Cnidos are in Asia Minor where there was contact with Asia and Egypt, as well as Greece. Practitioners from both these schools did not believe illness was connected with the supernatural. Treatment was holistic, involving diet and exercise. Typical physicians were itinerant craftsmen, although some physicians became public doctors (archiatros poleos) or attached to a household. They practiced rational medicine rather than deducing from philosophical theory. Temple Medicine The two main healing sanctuaries were located in Cos (again; remember religious and secular medicine were not mutually exclusive) and the birthplace of Asclepius, Epidauros (dating from the end of the 6th century). Following a sacrifice, treatment included incubation by which was meant the patient went to sleep. Upon awakening he would either be cured or have received divine instruction in a dream that would be interpreted by experienced priests. Gymnasium Gymnastic treatment, based on experience, relied mainly on athletic training and hygiene (mens sana in corpore sano). Henry says that the trainers were like chemists (druggists/pharmacists) to the Aesclepian priests. Gymnasium personnel administered enemas, bled, dressed wounds and ulcers, and treated fractures. The sophist Herodicus is called the father of gymnastic medicine. He may have taught Hippocrates. Sources Greek Medicine and the Greek Genius, G. M. A. Grube, Phoenix, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Winter, 1954), pp. 123-135Health, Economics and Ancient Greek Medicine,Carl Hampus LyttkensJanuary 2011Lectures On The History Of Medicine (Concluded), Alexander Henry, The British Medical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 172 (Apr. 14, 1860), pp. 282-284

The Arkansaw Bear - A One-Act Play

The Arkansaw Bear - A One-Act Play In The Arkansaw Bear, Tish, a little girl, is upset over the impending death of her beloved grandfather. Her mother and great aunt, both voiceover roles, do not want her to see her grandfather dying in a hospital bed. She runs away from them and reaches a beautiful tree where she makes a wish on a star called Star Bright. Star Bright arranges for Tish to meet two members of a traveling circus- a Mime and the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear. The Bear is old and fleeing from something neither Tish nor the Mime can see. It turns out that The Ringmaster, an incarnation of death, is searching for the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear to take him to the â€Å"center ring.† Together the characters learn that death does not have to be final. The skills and stories that one generation passes on to the next, generation after generation, become a form of immortality. Aurand Harris (1915-1996) was a prolific children’s playwright. He specialized in tackling difficult topics, such as the death of a loved one in The Arkansaw Bear, and discussing those topics on stage. His characters use gentle language and many of his productions notes are about making costumes, sets, and lighting non-threatening. For example, a lighting note in The Arkansas Bear is, â€Å"Never is the stage dark, eerie, or frightening.† For the Mime character, he notes, â€Å"He is not in white face, but his face is natural, friendly, and expressive.† In the notes in his 29-page play, Harris instructs directors that there should be no masks or grotesque make-up. The young audience members should find the whole experience a welcoming, gentle, and encouraging place. Harris’s does not want a child’s fear of and confusion about death compounded with a scary mask or dark stage. Setting: Somewhere in Arkansas Time: The present Cast Size: This play can accommodate 6 actors plus 3 voiceover roles. Male Characters: 5* Female Characters: 1 Female Voiceover Roles: 2 Characters that may be played by either males or females: 3* *The script denotes the male roles as him/he, but it may be possible to have females play the roles of Star Bright, The Ring Master, or Mime. Roles Tish is a little girl who is confused and frightened for her grandfather. She is his â€Å"chip off the old block.† She is seeking a way to make peace with this major event in her life. Star Bright is the first star out in the night. He takes pride in granting wishes. Sometimes he must be subtle about granting the wish, as in helping Tish see that she keeps her grandfather alive by being his chip off the old block. Sometimes he can grant a wish through sheer power as when he traps death in a tree until the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear can teach all his dances to Little Bear. Mime is the friend and assistant of the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear. He speaks no words but is understood by everyone. He is sad to see his best friend go to the center ring and to know that Tish is losing her grandfather, but he is determined to help them both through to the end. World’s Greatest Dancing Bear is the descendant of a prima ballerina bear from Spain and his father was Russia’s greatest dancing bear. He has earned medals for his dancing and has danced for presidents and royalty all over the world. He is scared of The Ringmaster/death but more scared of seeing his life’s work disappear. The Ring Master is a grand figure. He is not evil or biased in any way. He even allows the group a few spare hours to train Little Bear. In the end, he has a show to put on and it is the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear’s cue. Little Bear is a young bear that has lost both his father and grandfather. His mother has urged him to keep on living since that is the best way to say goodbye to loved ones. He agrees to learn the older bear’s dances in order to honor all of his loved ones and become The Arkansaw Bear. Voiceovers: Mother, Aunt Ellen, Announcer Content Issues: Death In this video, see some clips of a production that used child actors. The Arkansaw Bear and many of Aurand Harris’s other plays may be ordered through Dramatic Publishing. It can also be found in the book, Theatre for Youth: Twelve Plays with Mature Themes, edited by Coleman A. Jennings and Gretta Berghammer.

Topic is stated in Details section Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Topic is stated in Details section - Essay Example The owners of the companies transferred their authority to full- time paid managers. There were also other developments during this period like the administrative hierarchies, dependable energy sources, transportation infrastructures like the railway and sophisticated accounting systems. To benefit from these industrial developments, Chandler argued that entrepreneurs had to make three forms of interrelated investment. The first investment was in technology itself in terms of quality machines that would enable the company produce many goods efficiently. The second was investment in management, and the third was investment in marketing and distribution networks. The market remained the generator of goods and services, but business empires took over the functioning of controlling products and services through existing processes of distribution and production. They also allocated funds for future production and distribution. Modern enterprises became the most powerful organizations in America’s economy. The managers also became the most influential decision makers leading to managerial capitalism. Administrative coordination resulted in improvements in productivity, lower costs, and higher gains than coordination by market techniques. The structure of administrative coordination as described by Chandler was hierarchical, and authority flowed from the top to the bottom. Upper-level managers in charge of planning, purchasing inputs, planning new products and market expansions and finally setting the corporate strategy, held the top positions. The middle managers held the second place in charge of the daily operations. Making sure inputs are at the right place at the right time, making sure that production runs smoothly, coordinating processes through which output moved to distribution network. Managing the individual stores, finally monitoring local demand conditions and reporting to the upper-level

Transition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Transition - Essay Example The objective of transition is to plan and adopt some educational and interactive activities which will prepare the students for further education and employment. Transition services and plans for youth with disabilities are now mandated under the recently enacted 'Education of the Handicapped Act' Amendments of 1990. Barone et al. (1991) explained that youth is the crucial time when an individual requires friendship and social interaction to disrupt the barriers of apprehension. Severely disabled students often are deprived of good communication and comprehensive skills which strengthen social relationships and they often feel secluded and isolated. The concept of Inclusion of youth with disabilities in regular classrooms helps to build a healthy and motivating relationship among the students. This concept not only enhances the career related outcomes but also reinforces the sense of belonging to Human family. Families have a critical impact on the successful transition from school to adult life for young adults with disabilities. The involvement of the parents in the transition process is mandatory as they will have a better idea of their children's temperament, interests and abilities. On the contrary parents may sometimes become very emotional and over protective which may act as a hindrance for the development of the students. Parents often tend to underestimate their children or hold unrealistic high expectations of them when compared to regular children. As Jean E. Ness explains parents always have confusion between the abilities and motivations of their children. Special Education and Support System Individuals with disabilities require more vigorous and dedicated training when compared to normal students as they have to overcome the many additional hurdles of life. Special education should be directed towards assessment and instruction of students for smooth transition from school to post-secondary activities like employment or post-secondary education. If special education teachers do not take proper interest in motivating students then there will be potential increase in number of drop outs. The support system should be concerned, organized, focused towards the goal of transition process for students. Self determination and Motivation One of the reasons for poor post school outcomes is that students with disabilities leave school without self-determination. Students who do not have the motivation to plan and manage their lives will leave school without the skills necessary to secure a meaningful job. During the transition process high risk youth should be identified and their morale should be boosted up with self confidence and mastery of self-management skills. Several recent models of student involvement in transition planning include creating a self-directed individualized education program (IEP). Difference in the Environment of instruction The idea of going to new campus or community is of a big

Biodegradable Polymers: Processes of Degradation

Biodegradable Polymers: Processes of Degradation Introduction The ISO definition of a biodegradable polymer is â€Å"an irreversible process leading to a significant change of the structure of a material, typically characterized by a loss of properties (e.g. integrity, molecular weight, structure or mechanical strength) and/or fragmentation. Degradation is affected by environmental conditions and proceeds over a period of time comprising one or more steps† Biodegradable and compostable processes are essentially the same mechanism of how materials irreversibly breakdown into their fundamental composition, CO2, H2O, CH4 and other low-molecular weight products. The major difference is on how they go about the decomposition, biodegradation occurs naturally where microorganisms metabolise the material, where as composting takes place under strict conditions rate of degradation and the end product is non-toxic. The process of composting will also be affected by the size of the particles, large pieces may not be compostable but shreds of the same material may be compostable. Materials can also be composted at homes and the end product used in gardening, but some materials may not compostable at home and may require an industrial process. Biodegradable and compostable polymers should not be confused with biopolymers, which are naturally occurring polymers that readily degrade in the environment, starch, cellulose, proteins are a few examples of biopolymers, while the former are polymers engineered to degrade in the environment through one or more mechanisms of degradation. The degradation of a polymer should into consideration the other mechanisms of material degradation (oxidation, hydrolysis, photo-degradation, thermal-degradation) which can affect the polymer before or during the biodegradation process, or maybe the only mechanism acting on the polymer [ 41.wang ]. As more people are becoming more eco-conscious and aware of global warming, although not directly responsible, more effort is put into discovering new sustainable plastics and better manufacturability of these degradable polymers. History and why bioplastics? The first polymers, or plastics as it generally known, recorded in history were produced by The Horners Company in London [BPF site] which used horn and tortoiseshell as the predominant early natural plastic in the year 1284. But it is in the early 18th century that the plastic industry started to build up its momentum, it is during the period Alexander Parkes invented the first plastic in the 1850s [makingthemodernworld]. Today polymers are the most widely used material playing in an important role in civil construction to human wellbeing. A pair in Germany were awarded the patent to their invention of Casein Plastic as the first bioplastic derived from milk, but it was in 1990 that ICI Ltd launched the first commercially available biodegradable plastic. With the world consumption of plastics increasing to 100 million tonnes annually , from 5 million tonnes in the 1950s,[M.Avella] and growing at a rate of 4% annually. They can only be recycled or dumped into a landfill, which are becoming scarce [J_H_Song] , and with more governments of the developed world taking advantage of the developing world, where they send their nations waste to be disposed to and where it cannot be dealt efficiently due to the lack of proper facilites. What goes into the landfills cannot be controlled and the mixture of waste releases toxic agents from the more volatile waste, and gases, most notably methane from the other degradable waste, into the atmosphere which would be difficult to capture it everywhere, which is utilised in the U.K. Total solid waste in the EU is 520 Kg/year per person of which 10%-15% is plastics, more than 50 Kg, of which 40% is sent to landfills [mooney brian p] which is about 10 million tonnes, with the EU population at 0.5 billion [eurostat]. Recycling polythene carrier bags rather than producing new plastic has many environmental benefits such as: Reducing energy consumption by almost 67% Produces 33% of sulphur dioxide and 50% of nitrous oxide uses almost 90% less water Emits almost 250% less carbon dioxide One of the most important factors that it saves 1.8 million tonnes of oil for one tonne of polythene recycled. [wasteonline] Not accounting for the total carbon footprint of the process. But recycling is not very efficient process compared to producing new materials, every time plastic is recycled it loses about 10% of it mass, [green plastics] reducing the mass of the material to 73% of its original after only 3 recycles. The current proven world crude oil reserves of about a total of 1,342 billions of barrels[eia.doe.gov, no title], is estimated to run out by 2040[imeche] at current rate of consumption, though there are critics who would oppose these figures, therefore even more urgency in developing sustainable biodegradable polymers by then is required with the population doubling. How they are made? Biodegradable polymers can be based on a variety of environmentally sustainable materials, or a combination of different biomass, and also from bacteria. The most basic material that is used is starch which is abundantly available, large quantities present in corn and potatoes but also all vegetables, and at a low price. Cellulose is another commonly and easily accessible material that is being used to produce bioplastics. Certain oil based polymers have a degree of biodegradability too, polymers such as polycarbonate, polyhydroxybutyrate and poly vinyl alcohol [ BrodyMarsh ] or other biomaterials added to make it biodegradable though it may not be possible for the polymer to degrade 100%. Not all biodegradable polymers are derived from biomaterials or oil some can be synthesised, Aliphatic polyesters [ mulch films ]. Starch Starch molecules are polymers of Glucose molecules, where all the sugars are oriented in the same direction, as shown in the diagram below. Starch is made up of two types of molecules amylose and amylopectin, depending on the type of the plant starch can contain upto 25% amylose and 80% amylopectin [Poon, introduction to organic]. Starch granules diameter are averagely in the range 5-40  µm, depending on the source, they are not suitable in the plastic industry as they are difficult to process during extrusion and injection moulding. Starch therefore has to be processed, physically and chemically, before it can be used as thermoplastic starch, TPS, which usually includes heating it up in the presence of water to form a gelatinous material, but may require further treatment as this type of TPS is not moisture resistant [ 36/41.wang ]. To ensure that polymers were degraded in the environment after their service life starch was mixed with a range of polymers, such as polyethylene [ 50 Ke.Ty ], but because these class of polymers contain non-degradable polymers which will not be degraded, and cannot be seen, they cannot be called biodegradable polymers. Thermoplastics starch are therefore mixed with vinyl alcohol to create composites that tend to be more stable, but reducing the starch content in the thermoplastic polymer composite will reduce the biodegradability of the polymer[37]. TPS mixed with other biodegradable polymers ensure a 100% rate of degradation, which is not the case as mentioned when mixed with other polymers. TPS are mixed with synthetic polymers such as poly-(lactic acids) (PLA), poly(glycolic acids) (PGA) etc. [50,ke.ty] PLA blended with starch can reduce the costs of the polymer in addition to greatly reducing its rate of degradation, the raw materials of PLA is produced by fermenting carbohydrates from renewable sources, such as corn [50]. Cellulose Cellulose is a type of polysaccharide, a carbohydrate, found in plant cell walls and the most abundant organic material on earth, 40% of all organic matter [ green plastics ], it is produced by plants by natural photosynthesis from CO2 and water, at an annual rate of 200 billion tonnes, of which 6 billion tonnes are used [ 45.simon.J ] . Cellulose is similar to starch with the main difference being the molecular arrangement, in starch the molecules are highly branched and in cellulose the molecules are linear. Due to the arrangement molecular structure of cellulose, it cannot be processed into a thermoplastic but has to be converted to derivatives e.g esters and ethers to reduce the intermolecular forces for molecular flow to occur under heat and shearing conditions, unlike processing starch it does not require moisture [ thermoplastic starch ]. Attempts to produce polymers from cellulose, like polymers from starch, during past half a century were discouraged by textbooks expressing that because cellulose has a rigid backbone it cannot be converted to a polymeric material [ 54.yoshioka]. The figure shows various polymer derivatives from starch and cellulose, with the hydrogen in the starch molecules replaced by the R groups to form different polymers [ 14.second grn rev ]. Nitrocellulose, a highly explosive material, for instance is produced by reacting cellulose with a nitrating acid, mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids, and with alcohol or a plasticizer, such as camphor to make it more flexible and mouldable, added to stabilise the process [ 40.azom ]. Cellulose acetate is one of the more important and used cellulose derived biodegradable polymers, usually prepared from high grade cellulose, obtained from fast growing tress or cotton linters [ 53.alexander ]. It is commonly prepared by synthesising raw cellulose acetic acid followed by acetic anhydride in the presence of sulphuric acid, which acts as a catalyst, producing primary cellulose acetate, known as cellulose triacetate. The triacetate can then be formed into a solution, using methylene chloride as a solvent, which can then be dry-spun to form fibres, to produce cellulose diacetate. Finally cellulose diacetate can be dissolved, acetone as a solvent, to form fibres known as cellulose acetate [ britannica ]. All three groups of cellulose acetate are similar, what differentiates them is the percentage of hydroxyl groups that are acetylated, according to the Federal Trade Commission, of America, 92% of hydroxyl groups must have acetylated to refer it as a cellulose acetate, els e the generally referred to it as cellulose triacetate [ 52.rulesreg] . To produce a process-able polymer the cellulose acetate particles is mixed with a liquid additive, mixing thoroughly using a high speed mixer resulting into fine grained powder and extruded to form granules. Processing parameters that apply are 20-30D screw-type mixer, temperature range 160-190  °C and pre-drying for 2 hours at 70 °C. These granules can then be subjected to standard thermoplastic processing techniques [ 53.alexander ]. Lignin is another second most abundant component of woody plants, 20% of all organic material [green plastics], which is not yet used to its full potential, small amount used in various industries. There are new methods being developed to produce lignocellulosic biomass. Proteins There is not a huge amount of information available on biodegradable polymers derived from proteins. One reason may be that plants do not contain a high amount of proteins to be efficient enough to produce polymers, such as 100 grams of corn contains only 3.22 grams of proteins but 19.02 grams of carbohydrates, almost 6 times as much. Soybean the highest protein containing 36 grams of protein and almost as much carbohydrates, but yielding only 50% of the crop per unit area when compared to maize [ 61.lobell ]. Protein just like starch and cellulose can be regarded as a polymer made up of chains of various amino acids. Proteins from various crops have been used to produce polymers, especially zein and gluten, produced in maize and wheat respectively. Zein-gluten composite polymer can be produced by having wheat gluten coated with zein, [ 62.kim,sanghoon ] . The process does not require extrusion processes or high temperature, but only requires of zein to be purified. Kim Sanghoon describes a relatively simple method of producing a protein based biodegradable polymer, from gluten, zein, ethanol and distilled water, and compressed in an aluminium mould. Other methods of producing protein based polymers include using wood fibres mixed with gluten is plasticized using glycerol, water and ethanol, and extrusion moulded,[ 65.Wu.Qiangxian ] unlike the Sanghoon method. Sources of proteins used to produce biodegradable polymers include feather-meal, waste animal proteins [60.feathermeal], soy bean [ 58.nanda], egg white [ 39. Egg white ]. Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers Biodegradable polymers can be synthesised in lab, but because the costs involved the materials are further mixed with a natural polymer, usually starch, as it is abundant and cheaply available or a cellulose derived polymer. A few of the synthetic biodegradable polymers to name are polyglycolide (PGA), polylactides (PLA) (also known as Poly (lactic acid)), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Synthetic polymers can generally offer greater advantages compared to naturally derived polymer, as they can be engineered to have the desirable properties, and have more consistency, unlike naturally derived polymers they do not depend on the source of the raw material which can influence the properties and quality of the final polymer. Aliphatic polyesters are the most widely and commercially used synthetic polymers available, a few are named above, other polymers that have emerged in the market are polyester containing aromatic moieties. The synthetic biodegradable polymers may be classified into three groups, but the literature will only review polyesters Polyesters Polymers containing both esters and other heteroatom-containing linkages in the main chains Polymers with heteroatom-containing linkages other than ester linkages in the main chain Biodegradable polyesters can be synthesised in a number of ways Polycondensation reaction diols and dicarboxylic acids Self-polycondensation of hydroxyacids Ring opening polymerisation Of the above three processes polycondensation, also known as step-growth polymerisation, and ring opening polymerisation are more widely. Some polyesters synthesised by polycondensation are Poly (lactic acid), Poly (glycolic acid), Polycaprolactone. The process involves the monomers of the two raw material reacting to progressively form long chain polymers, as the secondary name suggests. One disadvantage of the process is that the water production from the reaction must be continuously removed, leading to lengthy reaction times and producing varying chain length polymers. [ reviewed by 75.RaySmith/ 73. Okada ] Poly (lactic acid), a linear aliphatic polyester, based on lactic acid, which can be produced by fermenting carbohydrates or by chemical method. Lactic acid contains both the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups needed for polycondensation, but requires removal of water, by azeotropic distillation, as mentioned, to avoid poor yield, further production methods of various aliphatic polyesters is provided M. Bhattacharya.[ by Bhattacharya p337 in 75.RaySmith ] Ring opening polymerisation is a form of addition polymerisation, where cyclic monomers join a reactive centre (terminal end of a polymer),a range of anionic, cationic and coordinative initiators/catalyst are mentioned in scientific literature, to form long chain polymers though ionic propagation. [R Jerome p77 reviewed by 75.RaySmith]. Ring opening polymerisation is advantageous than polycondensation such that it takes place in milder reaction conditions and there are no side reactions, giving a more controlled end product [ 73.okada ], one of the most used polymers in the market Nylon 6 is produced using this process. The ring-opening polymerisation can be initiated by many organometallic derivatives of metals such as Al, Sn, Y, Nd, Yb, Sm etc, which have d-orbitals of favourable energy, metal alkoxides, e.g. aluminium alkoxides, tin alkoxides, may acts as typical initiators. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a class of biodegradable polymer, polyesters , produced by using bacteria, e.g. Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Ralstonia etc, especially members of the Halobactereicae, as the production centre. The PHA is synthesised within the bacteria that functions as an energy storing water-insoluble compound in the cytoplasm of the bacteria cell[80.anderson]. Bacteria that do not produce PHA can be modified to produce them, e.g. cloning PHA operon, nucleotide sequences of DNA that control the production of PHA, into E. Coli bacteria allows the production of PHA by the bacteria. PHA are then produced by the bacteria when it supplied with source of high carbon content, like glucose under nutrient-limiting conditions. The described way producing is considerably more expensive than oil based polymers there have been suggestions of using products from the food industry as a feedstock for the bacteria to produce PHA, malt waste from a brewery is one of the suggestions, where b acteria produced upto 70% polymer, of dry cell weight (DCW). [82. Yu.Peter] Recent research groups have been forced to find alternate methods of producing PHA, due to the costs involved in the conventional method, and have been experimenting successfully with transgenic plants, where the only raw materials required would be CO2, for carbon, and sunlight. Other areas that have attracted research to produce polymers of the PHA family are the cyanobacteria, that produce the P(3HB) by oxygenic photosynthesis, but their yield rates are very small compared to the conventional method.Synechococcus MA19, a unicellular thermopile, can store upto 55% DCW. [reviewed by 78. philip] Rubber Rubber is an elastomer and a polymer of isoprene, it can be synthesised or be derived from the Brazilian rubber tree, Hervea Brasiliensis, from which most natural rubber is derived, but unlike the name suggest, over 95% of natural rubber in 2008 was produced in Asia, mostly south Asia, but synthetic rubber still makes a greater portion of the market, 56% of the world supplied with synthetic rubber. Rubber like material was developed based on thermal polymerization epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with triethlyene glycol diamine (TGD), which produce a polymer behaving as a rubber-like elastomer [reviewd in 107.soybean]. Another method to produce natural rubber is by using PHA, which is obtained from bacteria as described, which will therefore be completely biodegradable. The PHA surface is however hydrophobic making it difficult for the microorganisms to inhabit on the surface an degrade, hence its increasing its shelf life significantly, but still be degradable in a composting environment. [109.rubber bacteria] Properties and Enhancements The most important property for all biodegradable polymers, or degradable polymers, is that are completely degradable into basic components, CO2 CH4 and H2O , including any other organic compound, by the means of microbial attack, or any other naturally occurring process for the polymers that classified as degradable by other means. Properties of biodegradable material should be separated into three categories, the naturally derived polymers, synthetic polymers and the composite of these polymers. Naturally Derived polymers TPS shows excellent degradability and composting ability in the soil, partly due to the water solubility of starch. It also has a good oxygen barrier and is not electrostatically chargeable [ 7.Lorcks ]. Unmodified starch polymer have poor processability and mechanical properties, compared to the other polymers available, but plasticising the starch, by addition of water, can assist in processing of the starch, and treating it at a certain temperature would transform the starch into TPS, which show thermoplastic behaviour and properties. As seen in Figure the pure form of TPS has the least period of degradation, but treating it with other biodegradable polymer to enhance its properties increases the time it takes to completely degrade. Cellulose in water-insoluble and like starch fully degradable, and composed of D-gylcopyranoside units, but unlike starch, linked by ÃŽ ±-(1-4) bonds, it is linked by ÃŽ ²-(1-4) bonds. The molecular arrangement of cellulose, explained previously, and the bond type contributes to the longer periods it takes to degrade, which is transferred to the polymer it is based on. Cellulose will readily decompose on heating, therefore cannot be heated to process, but is synthesised into cellulose acetate which like starch shows properties and characteristics of a thermoplastic, but the time it takes to degrade is reduced as the cellulose content of the polymer is reduced. Cellulose and starch the two of most used and abundant organic compounds having similar properties, except the time to full degradation, both have the characteristic of their glass transition temperature and melting temperature being close to their decomposition temperature. M. Gaspar [83.reduce water absoption] conducted experiments to examine and improve water absorption in starch based polymers. The experiment contains four specimens of TPS, TPS w/Cellulose, TPS w/hemicelluloses, TPS/polycaprolactone and TPS w/zein each composite having the same proportion, by weight, of the additive. The results showed that TPS w/zein had the highest tensile strength Youngs modulus and TPS w/cellulose the lowest tensile strength and TPS w/polycaprolactone the lowest Youngs modulus. The table shows a few of the mechanical properties of the polymers described above, noting that the 2 different types of starch have significantly differently poreprties. Film type Test condition Tensile strength (MPa) Elongation at break (%) Water vapor permeability (gmm/m2daykPa) Reference Cassava starch 25 °C 75% RH 9.0-17.0 9.0-28.0 [86] Corn starch 25 °C 75% RH 3.8-4.3 4.0-10.0 [86] Low density polyethylene 38 °C 90% RH 7.6-17.3 500.0 0.08 [88] High density polyethylene 38 °C 90% RH 17.3-34.6 300.0 0.02 [88] Cellulose acetate 38 °C 90% RH 48.5-82.7 15.0-45.0 [88] Polyester 38 °C 90% RH 178.0 70.0-100.0 [88] Cellophane 38 °C 90/0% RH 7.27 [89] PLA is a synthetic biodegradable polymer, that is brittle and has poor impact strength, leading to failure of the material by cracking and tearing, and therefore preventing a more widespread use of the polymer in the packaging industry. Another PLA property is its natural yellow tint, which again is a factor that prevents it uses in the packaging industry, which leads to poor presentation of a consumer product. PLA is therefore blended with other biodegradable polymers (to keep it 100% biodegradable) to improve the properties that are most desirable. Usually is PLA mixed with plasticizers such as pole-ÃŽ µ-caprolactone, poly (vinyl acetate), starch, poly(hydroxyl butyrate), providing the PLA with more ductility, but having a negative effect on the tensile strength[91 to 99]. The brittleness of PLA can be counter acted by mixing it with a plasticiser, which also reduces the already low glass transition temperature further reducing its end product applications.[100 101] F.Byrne [90] tested PLA mixed various available masterbatches, commercially available polymer additives, to check the enhancements, and the results are as in table, of them all PLA dcS511-Ice clear appears to be the best option for an additive as it removes the tint from the material. Table Thermal, mechanical, optical and surface properties of PLA and PLA/masterbatch blends Properties determined Units PLA Biomax Strong PLA dcS511 PLA dcS515-N PLA dcS511-Ice clear Glass transition temperature oC 59 59 59 58 58 Melting temperature oC 150 150 151 150 151 Crystallinity % 9 0 5 7 4 Tensile strength MPa 68 66 67 66 64 Tensile modulus MPa 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 Impact strength N 90 390 90 90 90 Shore D hardness 69D 59D 64D 69D 64D Haze % 19.5 67.9 20.6 13.5 10.9 Yellowness index 7.2 10.0 5.8 10.8 0 Another method of improving the properties of polymers is by producing polymers, an example can be of PLA matrix with natural fibres which may include plasticizers, but still remain completely biodegradable. An experiment included using polypropylene (PP) and PLA matrix, including PLA with plasticizer, with flax fibres. The pure PLA had better mechanical properties than the pure PP, and reduced tensile strength as composites. The results showed the PLA with 30 wt.% flax fibre are a 50% stronger than similar composites made from PP, another study [104 sisal] used sisal fibre in a PLA/Starch composite but resulted in poor mechanical properties. PLA/triacetin, plasticizer, composite with flax fibre reduced the strength of the composite but made it more ductile, effect of the plastizer. PP/flax fibre of 30 wt.% are commonly used in industrial applications that has an elongation to break of 2.7% with a tensile strength of 29MPa, even though fibres greatly increased the PLA strength its ductility was reduced to successfully replace the PP composite a suitable fibre could be researched or PLA/15wt.%Triacetin with elongation to break 2.6% and tensile strength 37.2MPa could be used. When using natural fibres in a polymer matrix composite the inconsistency of natural fibres length and properties must be considered, therefore using synthetic biodegradable fibres, cellulosic origins, an even quality can be obtained[105.herrmann]. Degradation Oil based plastics are resistant to biodegradation, and most other forms of degradation, as the micro organisms responsible for the degradation of these polymers are unable to consume it, mainly due the impenetrable oil based matrix which are they are made from and the surface in contact with the soil is smooth [reviewed in 113 p,p,future] . Another class of polymers are the partially degradable are oil based polymers composites with a easily degradable fibre, e.g. starch, which breakdown as the microorganisms attack the starch and leave the oil based polymer particles behind, which degrade at a much slower rate, but unnoticeable because of the size. Complete degradation of a material occurs through various mechanisms, by microorganisms, light, water etc. Biodegradation can be generally be classified into two categories aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation, where the final products of each of the degradation are CO2, H20 and biomass of aerobic and CO2, CH4 and biomass of anaerobic. CPolymer + O2 à   CO2 + H2O + CResidue + C Based biomass Generally in plastics the amorphous region is more vulnerable to degradation by hydrolysis, as water is easily penetrated into this region. The degradation can be classified into surface degradation and bulk degradation, where surface degradation occurs when the degrading agents are not able to penetrate into the bulk layer of the material and act only on the material surface. Spherulites may be visible on the material undergoing surface degradation. It must be noted that materials in the environment may not be degraded by one specific mode of degradation but a combination of different mechanisms, so it would be sensible to consider degradation of a polymer in the soil to have two mechanisms of degradation acting on it, biodegradation and hydrolytic degradation, and photo-degradation if it is exposed to sunlight. Degradation can be considered to occur in two phases, disintegration and mineralization. The disintegration of polymers may occur through hydrolytic degradation, photo-degradation or thermal-degradation by exoenzymes, mediated or not [114. scott]. The hydrolytic degradation is most likely to occur and have a greater role in the process of the biodegradation of the polymer, the figure below shows the subdivisions of hydrolysis. The mineralization takes place when the microorganisms start to metabolize the disintegrated polymer particles and convert them to common inherent digestion products [6 Krzan]. Natural rubber exists in the environment the various microorganisms required to metabolise the polymer are already widely distributed in the environment. The process starts by the oxidation at the double bond of the polymer chain, leading to the formation of carbonyl, peroxide or epoxide groups. The microorganisms secrete a rubber degrading extracellular enzyme, which in a sense start a chain reaction, as lower-molecular weight fractions are further metabolised by the microorganisms. An industrial scale degradation

Prison Treatments Laws in New York State Essay

Michael E. Deutsch, Dennis Cunningham and Elizabeth M. Fink †Twenty Years Later — Attica Civil Rights Case Finally Cleared for Trial† Social Justice, Vol. 18, No. 3 (45), Attica: 1971—1991 A Commemorative Issue (Fall 1991), pp. 13-25 This is a journal uses the commissioner, the director of the correctional, Russel Osward as a center role to recall the Attica Riot, condemning his failure of management of the prison regime and the inhumane assault he had set to end up the uprising. The government had covered the facts of violent assault of the riot for years, but it had been dug out by the protest of the riot survivors 20 years after the riot, and they finally won the negotiations and gained their civil rights. Quotations can be cited for discussing how the negotiation had gone through. It also provides me some background information of the riot. It also gives a sense of what kind of civil rights had been violated and what had been brought back. I can use thes e rights as reference to seek changes of the State laws. Vicky Munro-Bjorklund â€Å"Popular Cultural Images of Criminals and Prisoners since Attica† Social Justice, Vol. 18, No. 3 (45), Attica: 1971—1991 A Commemorative Issue (Fall 1991), pp. 48-70 This journal focuses on the popular culture images that been shaped after the Attica Riot. It argues that the misunderstanding of the prisoner had been changed since the uprising, and media is also a force that pushes the prisons into reform. Because of stereotype, or the popular cultural images of the prisoners, no one had paid that much attention to the prisoners before the increasing exposure of the real â€Å"prisoners’ life† after the Attica Riot. The description of the popular cultural images of the prisoners in Attica is really a good resource to use. This resource is mainly a statement of the prisoners’ image. I do not need to describe the change of the images because I am focusing on the law changes, so nothing will be quoted, but it makes me think in a new way: The affection of exposure from the public or social media. George Edwards, â€Å"Foreword: Penitentiaries Produce No Penitents† forward-penitentiaries produce no penitents, 63 J. Crim. L. Criminology& Police Scl. 159(1972): 154-161   This journal focused on how the social media have done to help the colored people inside the US penal system by using the example of the media affection of the Attica Riot. It focuses on and the cultural images that shape the stereotype of the black people so that they are isolated from â€Å"us†. The prisoners’ lives in the prisons have become more transparent through the social media after the Attica Riot when the social media have paid attention to them and cover more about them. Social media is condemning the brutal treatment to the prisoners and the injustice of the sentence through different ways. This paper is searched after the previous one, it is a good resource for seeing how the social media had pushed the State to change their correctional method and give back prisoners’ civil rights. Willi The Naturalization Act of 1790 am L. Wilbanks The report of the commission on Attica, 37 Fed. Probation 3 (1973): 3-5 This is a prime summery of the national commission report of the Attica Riot published on September 13,1972. It briefly summarized and explained what is the Attica Riot, recorded the cause of it, reported the negotiation of it, and analyzed the assault and the aftermath of it. The main highlight of the riot from the report is that it happened at a time when the prison was about to reform for better, and the violent assault was because the prison inmate was asking for general pardon, but the government refused so, yet the result was still inhumane. This report is brief and comprehensive; it is providing background information for the public to get the general idea of the riot. Part of it can be quoted for a prof of inhumane treatment after the uprising. Gerald Benjamin and Stephen P. Rappaport, Attica and Prison Reform, Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Vol. 31, No. 3, Governing New York State: The Rockefeller Years (May, 1974), pp. 200-213 This journal focuses on reporting the details of the negotiation and the assault of the Attica Riot. Informing us assault is because of the failure of the negotiation. This journal also mentioned that the riot happened when the reform was just about to be taken into practice. After the riot, the reform began, including the facilities change and the treatment changes. Changes are based on the fund from federal and the State, though something still needs to be change, it was already a big step. It is also showing some significant changes such as the change in the employment of the facilities from all whites to Latinos, the shortened time of locking. Though this journal is really detail, I need to quote the changes of laws rather than just physical changes in this piece. Angela Y. Davis: Are Prisons Obsolete? Seven Stories Press New York, 2003: 10-19, 84-104 Chapter 1 introduces us with an idea of prison reform, which gains the majority supports of the public and it is also the reason for the Attica Riot. It also reveals the idea that not many people outside the prison are willing to think about the life inside the prison, which is going to be a support of why I said that there is not that much attention had been paid for prison treatment. Chapter 5 tells us how a mass of private companies and industries are gaining a lot of profit from the prisoners so that prisoners are not gaining what they are supposed to be gained. Both chapters are supporting the idea of why prisons should be paid attention and be reformed. Thought the industrial complex of the prison is written recently rather than the immediate fact, I would use them as reference of things that haven’t been improved after the riot. Bruce Burgett and Glenn Hendler, Keywords for American Cultural Studies, New York University Press, 2007: 37-42 This piece gives readers a brief history from the ancient Greek to now of how Citizenship has come to its status in the United State. The civil rights have been violated by the sovereignty, but finally came to equality through the push of institutions, religions, as well as civil movements. This piece also introduces us that how the technology and transportations are important to a new understanding of citizenship. This piece is important for analyzing the prison rights because I am writing through the prospect that prison inmates are also citizens, that they should have the same rights as those normal citizens, but prisoners’ rights are somehow always been valid or even ignored by the U.S. penal system. This article helps to define the citizen in my paper. Jael Silliman and Anannya Bhattacharjee, Policing the National Body Sex, Race, and Criminalization, South End Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2002: 1-48 Chapter one gives us a general idea on how the US penal apparatus has been enforced by the participation of multiple â€Å"relevant† institutions. It is showing audiences how those institutional officers themselves are offending the laws but still act as a law executive, and how they use the name of immigration law to violate the rights, especially the rights of the women with colors, they offence their bodies, and use them to incarcerate colored men. This helps to analysis the female prison treatments in recent time. Though it is a good example to show the violation of the civil rights but it might be a little different from the topic that I am writing about because it is mainly focused on the recent time and the immigration laws. Dylan Rodriguez, Forced Passages, Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, London, 2006 This chapter focuses on the formation of the key word: The War. Though the war is supposedly be the conflict between states, the writer tells readers that the U.S. government is using the war zone as a way to control the citizens. It talks about how the power is contributed through the use of the prison regime. I would like to quote the history of the prison regime to inform that the prison today has a slavery background and that is what makes the rights of prisoners been blurred so reasonably. U.S. Naturalization Act of 1790, The Transcript of 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery (1865) The naturalization act is the fundamental act to the U.S. citizens. It indicated that free white of good moral character that had lived in the U.S. for two years and swore allegiance. It can be used as a historical accordant to the descriptions of the history of the prison regime. The 13th amendment establishes birthright of citizenship due process and equal protection, formally extends citizenship to newly freed, black men. Both of these laws can be use as track of the citizenship as proves of the inequality of the civil laws roots. Abstract Citizenship refers to the link between state and person who lives in. Citizens by broad should be within the link and should be someone who lives in the sate. Prisoners as a special type of citizen are supposed to have the same civil rights and be protected by the same laws, yet their circumstances put them into a situation where their rights are violated constantly with or without justice. Prison treatments in the US, can been seen as a significant example of the violation of the prisoners’ civil rights. It has never been paid attentions until the four-day uprising in the Attica Correctional Facility burst out in 1971. Attica Riot was the most violent riot in the entire U.S. history. Through out the uprising, many inhumane treatments of the prisoners have been revealed through the exposure of the social media. As a curiosity on the affects of prison uprisings on the New York State government, this paper is going to discover some significant changes that had been made by the New York State immediately after the riot through the aftermath negotiation of the Attica riot to indicate that the prisoner rights are still not have been treated rightly.

Fidel Castro Was Recognized As The Frontrunner Of The Cuban

Fidel Castro was recognized as the frontrunner of the Cuban Revolution. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was born on August 13, 1926 in Biran Cuba. His father owned a pretty large sugar plantation, which at the time seemed to be fairly prosperous. Due to owning such a large plantation, his family did not seem to suffer as much as other families did. The money that Fidel’s father obtained provided him with broad education opportunities. After a few years had passed by, in 1945, Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz got his degree in law in where he attended at the University of Havana. He started out by dedicating his personal time and himself as well to the poor. Through his dictatorship in Cuba, he seemed to have done a few significant things as well as†¦show more content†¦Cuba’s new establishment which was sanctioned by Fidel Castro in 1976 meritoriously acknowledged Communism to be the only genuine party in Cuba since democracy no longer existed. This particular type of gov ernment is made up of a dominant operational group of 225 representatives that have to be elected by the Party Congress. Standing at the very tip of this political configuration is Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz, in which he was the role of the First Secretary of the Communist Party. As a matter of fact, Castro has formed many Committees for the Defense of Revolution in which they function on almost every block throughout Cuba which spys on fellow citizens and they report back to the government of their founding’s. Undesirable reports will end up in jail. By having loyalty to the Party, you cannot talk to non-nationals of the country. A good amount of people are enslaved in Fidel Castro’s prisons for crimes that involve political engagements and them trying to escape from the island as well as speaking against the government. A meeting between numerous members of various communist organizations and Castro happened in June 1991. This happened because it was settled to inaugurate Rapid Response Brigades. Their whole motto was to â€Å"Defend the country, the Revolution, and Socialism in all circumstances by confronting any sign of counter-revolution or crime.† What this is really trying to say is that leaving the country without

Essay on Beowulf and Matrix - 942 Words

What a heroic journey! Everybody knows who is the protagonist of a story if they read it but how do they know? How do you or I know the heroes are, in fact, heroes in, for example, the Matrix and Beowulf? This is what I will present in this essay. I will be using the Hero’s Journey by Joseph Campbell for both of them by using three stages from it. For the Matrix, I will be using â€Å"Meeting with Mentor†, â€Å"The Ordeal† and â€Å"Return with Elixir† stages. For Beowulf, I will be using â€Å"Call to Adventure†, â€Å"Reward† and â€Å"Return with Elixir† stages. In the Matrix, Neo meets Morpheus, a guy that he was looking for and vice versa. In this stage of â€Å"Meeting with Mentor†, Morpheus is convincing Neo to take the red pill to get out of the Matrix. Now,†¦show more content†¦The hero uses the powers or knowledge to help others and this is what Neo is going to do. This is another proof of him being the hero. Now, the stage of â€Å"Call to Adventure† in Beowulf is when Beowulf heard that Grendel is attacking the Danes, he goes out with his men to take care of this matter. Now, the hero is the person who hears danger or mishap happening to people and goes on to take care of this matter. For example, Spiderman hearing a person crying for help and he goes to save that person. Now, this is what Beowulf does as in this quote â€Å"Heard how Grendel filled nights with horror And quickly commanded a boat fitted out.†(Page 26). As soon as Beowulf heard this, he set sail to the Danish place to take care of Grendel. It shows that Beowulf is confident, brave and willing to take his life for something that hasn’t to do with him which is like how a hero does it. In the â€Å"Reward† stage of Beowulf, Beowulf defeated Grendel and Grendel’s mother and saved the Danes from the horror that brings sadness to their land. 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